Command Injection

There are several tools that can be used to detect and exploit command injection vulnerabilities:

1. Burp Suite: A popular web application security testing tool that can be used to identify and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.
2. sqlmap: A popular open-source tool for detecting and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities. It can also be used to detect and exploit command injection vulnerabilities in some cases.
3. OWASP ZAP: The OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is an open-source web application security scanner that can be used to identify and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.
4. Metasploit: Metasploit is a popular open-source framework for developing, testing, and executing exploits. It includes a number of modules for exploiting command injection vulnerabilities.
5. Wapiti: Wapiti is an open-source web application vulnerability scanner that can be used to detect and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.
6. acunetix: Acunetix is a commercial web application security scanner that can be used to identify and exploit command injection vulnerabilities.

It is important to note that using these tools for unauthorized testing is illegal and could lead to severe legal consequences.

Exploit for Command Injection

There are several ways that an attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability, including:

1. Executing arbitrary commands: An attacker can inject commands into an application or program, causing them to be executed on the underlying system. This can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or take full control of the affected system.
2. File manipulation: An attacker can use command injection to manipulate files on the affected system, such as by creating, reading, or deleting files.
3. Injection of backdoors: An attacker can use command injection to install a backdoor on the affected system, allowing them to maintain persistent access to the system even after the initial exploit has been discovered and patched.
4. Network reconnaissance: An attacker can use command injection to gather information about the affected system and the network it is connected to, such as by running network scanning tools or enumerating open ports.
5. Elevating privileges: An attacker can use command injection to gain elevated privileges on the affected system, such as by escalating their user account to administrator level.
6. Launching a Denial of Service (DoS) attack: An attacker can use command injection to launch a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on the affected system, causing it to become unavailable to legitimate users.

It is important to note that using these techniques for unauthorized testing is illegal and could lead to severe legal consequences.

Filter Bypasses

Filter bypasses refer to methods used by attackers to circumvent input validation and filtering mechanisms in order to inject malicious input into an application. This can allow an attacker to exploit vulnerabilities such as SQL injection or command injection. Some common filter bypass techniques include:

1. URL encoding: An attacker can use URL encoding to encode special characters, such as “<” or “>”, which are often used to delimit malicious input.
2. Null bytes: An attacker can use null bytes to terminate a string of input, allowing them to bypass filters that look for specific keywords or patterns.
3. Double encoding: An attacker can double-encode characters, such as encoding them twice using different encoding techniques.
4. SQL comments: An attacker can use SQL comments to comment out the rest of the command or query, allowing them to bypass filters that look for specific keywords or patterns.
5. Unicode encoding: An attacker can use Unicode encoding to encode special characters, such as “<” or “>”, which are often used to delimit malicious input.
6. Using bypass techniques that exploit implementation bugs, like using %00 in the end of the string, using %0a, %0d, %25, etc

It is important to note that these filter bypass techniques are constantly evolving, so it is important to keep up-to-date with the latest research and best practices for securing web applications.

Time based data exfiltration

Time-based data exfiltration is a method used by attackers to extract sensitive data from a system over a period of time, rather than all at once. This can be done by injecting malicious code into a system that periodically sends small amounts of data to a remote server controlled by the attacker. By sending the data in small chunks over a long period of time, the attacker can avoid detection by security systems that are designed to detect large data transfers.

1. DNS exfiltration: An attacker can use DNS requests to send small amounts of data to a remote server by encoding the data in the domain name of the request.
2. HTTP/HTTPS exfiltration: An attacker can use HTTP or HTTPS requests to send small amounts of data to a remote server by encoding the data in the parameters or headers of the request.
3. ICMP exfiltration: An attacker can use ICMP packets to send small amounts of data to a remote server by encoding the data in the payload of the packet.
4. Email exfiltration: An attacker can use email to send small amounts of data to a remote server by encoding the data in the subject or body of the email.
5. Cloud exfiltration: An attacker can use cloud-based storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive to exfiltrate data, this can be done by encoding the data in file names, file content or metadata.

It is important to note that detecting time-based data exfiltration can be challenging as it relies on the ability to detect abnormal patterns of data transfer over time, it is also important to use advanced security solutions like network monitoring, endpoint protection and security incident response plan to detect and respond to such attacks.

DNS based data exfiltration